Some notes - Pharmaceuticals

• Total global market is between USD 1.5-1.7 trillion. Growing at 6-6.5% over next few years
• North America accounts for ~half of global pharma sales  (!) - with ~4% of its people
• Increasing growth in other countries with better access to healthcare
• Revenue share
• Conventional small molecule drugs ~55%
• Biologics and Biosimilars are growing market with large molcule therapies
• Branded Prescription drugs ~87% of revenue. But by volume 80%+ is generics or off-patent. 
• Growing presence of generics
• Contract manufacvturing is ~686 billion of the total.
• Cold chain packaging ~USD 83 billion (?)
• Large companies
• J&J 88 b rev
• Merch 64b (Blockbuster Keytruda $29.5nb)
• Pfizer 63.6b
• Others: AbbVie (~56 B), AstraZeneca (~54 B), Roche (~52 B), Novartis (~48 B), Sanofi (~47 B), Eli Lilly (~45.8 B), Novo Nordisk (~44.2 B), GSK (~40.5 B), Amgen (~33 B), et
• Eli Lilly valued at USD 842 b - highest in terms of market cap
• India is the largest generic API and vaccine exporter globally. 
• India and China dominate volume in generics. Although price wise US is much bigger profitable market for pharma companies.

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In the US

• Brand-name drugs account for the bulk of spending, even though 88% of prescriptions are filled by generics.
• Example: The same drug can cost 3–10x more in the U.S. compared to India or parts of Europe.

• Insurers and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) negotiate rebates, but list prices remain high, sustaining revenue growth.Employer-sponsored insurance, Medicare/Medicaid, and out-of-pocket spending all contribute to broad market coverage for expensive drugs.

Many high-cost therapies are reimbursed even when cheaper alternatives (like generics or biosimilars) exist.

Faster regulatory approval via FDA gives companies earlier access to revenue streams.

Metric	United States	Global Share
% of Global Pharma Revenue	~42–53% (2024 est.)
% of Global Population	~4.2%
% of R&D Investment	>50% of global total
% of Generic Drug Volume	~88% of U.S. scripts	<30% of total revenue